Photo
Fnal exam study sheet rev 4_19_15
Green screen
Chroma key compositing, or chroma keying, is a special effects / post-production technique for compositing (layering) two images or video streams together based on color hues (chroma range). The technique has been used heavily in many fields to remove a background from the subject of a photo or video – particularly the newscasting, motion picture and video game industries. A color range in the top layer is made transparent, revealing another image behind. The chroma keying technique is commonly used in video production and post-production. This technique is also referred to as color keying, color-separation overlay (CSO; primarily by the BBC[2]), or by various terms for specific color-related variants such as green screen, and blue screen – chroma keying can be done with backgrounds of any color that are uniform and distinct, but green and blue backgrounds are more commonly used because they differ most distinctly in hue from most human skin colors. No part of the subject being filmed or photographed may duplicate a color used in the background.
Here are important guidelines to follow.
• Contrast the color of the background screen & subject
• Be careful of white, black, gray
• Avoid red, yellow, brown
• Use a saturated color if possible
Contrast the color of the background screen & subject
This is a very important rule! The color used for your backing screen should NOT be present in the subject. If your model is wearing a blue shirt and she is photographed against a blue backing screen, the shirt may visually disappear when the blue background is removed.
Be careful of white, black, gray
Some photographers try to solve the issue of color spill by using a neutral background of black, white or gray. While this cuts down on lights reflecting color onto your subject, it may cause other issues.
Black, white and gray baking screens are often problematic because those colors are found in almost every foreground object. Shadows are mostly composed of black. Highlights almost always contain white. A value of gray is often lurking in another color. This makes pulling a key extremely difficult, since Primatte doesn't know what color to focus on for extraction.
Avoid red, yellow, brown
Another color that you need to be careful of is red. A red screen can get too entangled with the red skin tones of human models. This is also true for yellow and brown since they are almost always found in skin tones. Blue and green are the best choices for photographing humans because these colors are least likely to be found in skin tones.
Use saturated color if possible
If possible, use a saturated color for your screen. For instance, a rich blue will always work better than light blue or turquoise. There are numerous screen products manufactured in the colors of 'Chromakey Blue' and 'Chromakey Green'.
Photoshop work………..
To create a new document in Photoshop, go to File>New
To move objects in Photoshop, you should use the Move Tool
Compositing is another word for layering several images in Photoshop.
The best way to open a JPEG in Photoshop is to drag it to the Photoshop icon.
The best Photoshop tool for erasing solid color backgrounds is the Magic Eraser Tool.
To add new layers into a Photoshop document, you can click, hold and drag or copy and paste.
Before you can make changes to a photographic layer in Photoshop the layer must be rasterized.
To rasterize a layer, go to Layer>Rasterize>Layer or All Layers
To resize an image, go to Edit>Free Transform
If you resize an image and you want to keep it that size, click on the check mark in the options bar. If you do not want to keep it, click the cancel button.
To scale an image using Edit>Free Transform and keep the exact proportions, press and hold the Shift key while dragging from a corner.
To add filters to an image, go to Filter and select the filter you want.
Use the Paint Bucket Tool to color an image.
http://stevecampbellhillwood.blogspot.com/2015/05/final-examphotoshop.html
Use the Paint Bucket Tool to color an image.
http://stevecampbellhillwood.blogspot.com/2015/05/final-examphotoshop.html
from 1st semester…………………
Photography is the science, art and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film, or electronically by means of an image sensor.
The word photography comes from two ancient Greek words: photo, for "light," and graph, for "drawing." "Drawing with light" is a way of describing photography.
A photograph can be a portrait, selfie, street scene, still life, a historical document that is frozen time, a landscape, and much more.
Camera: An optical device for taking photographs, generally consisting of a lightproof enclosure having an opening or aperture with a shuttered lens through which the image of an object is focused and recorded on a photosensitive film, plate, or a sensor in digital photography.
A camera obscura (Latin: "dark chamber") is an optical device that led to photography and the camera. The device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside, where it is reproduced, rotated 180 degrees (thus upside-down), but with color and perspective preserved. The image can be projected onto paper, and can then be traced to produce a highly accurate representation.
The Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle (384-322 BCE); Mozi (470 to 390 BCE), a Chinese philosopher; and Euclid, born unknown (mid-4th century BC) died unknown (mid-3rd century BC), all contributed observations knowledge about this phenomenon.
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Lenses and mirrors were added to the camera obscura during the Renaissance.
In the mid-1820's, a metal plate, coated with a light-sensitive emulsion was added to create the first photograph. These photos were called daguerreotypes.
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The Vocabulary of Art & Photography
art elements & principles of design:
Art Elements
Line: A line is a path left by a moving point. A continuous mark on a surface.
What are the functions of line?
1. to outline a shape
2. to create movement and emphasis
3. to develop pattern and texture
4. to shade and model using hatching, crosshatching and stippling.
Shape is a two dimensional area with identifiable boundaries.
What are the two broad categories of shape?
1. Geometric shapes - mechanically drawn lines, squares, rectangles, circles. We see them in architecture and manufactured items.
2. Organic shapes - are shapes based on forms of nature, which are usually rounded, irregular and curving. Leaf, seashells, flowers. We see them in nature and with characteristics that are free flowing, informal and irregular.
Value - is the lightness or darkness of a color or photo
• High-Key is where the picture is all light values.
• Low-Key is where the picture is all dark values.
• Value Contrast is where light values are placed next to dark values to create contrast or strong differences.
• Value Scale is a scale that shows the gradual change in value from its lightest value, white to its darkest value black.
Texture refers to surface quality.
• Real Texture is the actual texture of an object. Artist may create real texture in art to give it visual interest or evoke a feeling. A piece of pottery may have a rough texture so that it will look like it came from nature or a smooth texture to make it look like it is machine made.
• Implied Texture is the where a two-dimensional piece of art is made to look like a certain texture but in fact is just a smooth piece of paper. Like a drawing of a tree trunk may look rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of paper.
The two types of space are three dimensional and two dimensional.
1. three dimensional space - is the actual space an object takes up, our body, a house, a can or a sculpture. An example is the Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum.
2. two dimensional space - refers to the space in a painting, drawing, print or other type of flat art.
Positive Space-In a drawing or painting positive shapes are the solid forms
in a design such as a bowl of fruit. In a sculpture it is the solid form of the
sculpture.
Negative Space-In a drawing it is the space around the positive shape or
the shape around the bowl of fruit. In sculpture it is the empty shape
around and between the sculptures.
Principles of Design
Emphasis:
a principle of design by which the artist or designer may use opposing sizes or shapes, contrasting colors, or other means to place greater attention on certain areas or objects in a work of art. Emphasis is achieved by dominance and subordination, bright against dull, light on dark, large among small, etc.
What are 3 ways you could create emphasis in a photograph?
Balance: a principle of design that refers to the equalization of elements in a work of art. There are three types of balance
Asymmetrical-balance in which one side of the composition appears different from the other side while remaining balanced with it.
Symmetrical- balance in which both sides are identical.
Radial-balance based on a circle, with features radiating from a central point.
Contrast: a principle of design that refers to differences in values, colors, textures, and other elements in artwork to achieve emphasis and interest.
Movement: a principle of design that refers to the arrangement of parts in artwork to create a flow of the viewer’s eye through the repeated arrangement of line, shape, color, texture or value; through the orderly positioning of objects; through contrasting positive and negative shapes; through contrasting sizes; or through gradation of colors and values.
Pattern: a principle of design in which combinations of lines, colors, and shapes are repeated. These repetitions create rhythm in a work of art. Motif is a unit that is repeated in visual rhythm (suggest movement through repetition). Units in a motif may or may not be an exact duplicate of the first unit.
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